Your brakes are your bike’s most critical safety component, so it’s important to keep them dialed in. Checking the condition of your brake pads should be part of your regular pre-ride inspection routine.
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For rim brakes, simply take a peek at the pad material to see if it’s worn down close to the metal pad carrier. You’ll want to replace the pads well before they start making contact with the rims, as that can lead to serious brake fade and potential loss of control. Fresh pads will have a thick layer of smooth, uniform material.
Disc brake pads have a bit more meat on them, but you’ll still want to inspect them frequently for excessive wear or uneven glazing/scoring on the pad surface. Any built-up glazing or grooving can reduce braking power.
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While you’re looking at the brake pads, also check for any loose bolts or alignment issues with the calipers. The pads should strike the rim or rotor surface squarely for maximum stopping power.